Paper product



Patented Jan. 9, 1934 PAPER PRODUCT George J. Manson, Hawkesbury, Ontario, Canada,

assignor to Manson Chemical Company, a corporation of New Jersey No Drawing. Application Serial No. 449,36

17 Claims.

This invention relates to paper products and material and to processes of making the same, and more especially to paper products carrying wax sizings or sizings utilizing other waterproof ing agents, and to the sizings themselves, as well as to methods of making such sizings and method of making such paper products with the said sizings.

In rosin sizes or sizes containing rosin utilized in the prior art, and in other types of sizings, alum or related materials are used to precipitate the rosin. In such cases, the alum or related materials result in the liberation of a certain amount of free acid, and the stock thus treated carries such free acid. The presence of such free acid causes a more or less marked deterioration of the paper.

Further, prior art sizes such as rosin sizes, and other sizes containing waterproofing agents, offer considerable difiiculty due to the sizing adhering to the wires on the forming machine and resulting in products which have perforations and badly formed edges, as well as giving difiiculty in the piping system and pumps on account of the acidity of the stock due principally to the alum used to precipitate such sizes as rosin size. The difficulties encountered with prior sizes, and particularly those involving waterproofing agents resulting in adherence to the wires On the forming machines, etc. result in noticeable defects, such as wax spots or other defective areas in the paper products.

Among the objects of the present invention is the production of sizes and paper articles and materials carrying such sizes which are free from wax spots and other defects resulting from prior art sizes.

Other objects include the elimination of the necessity for the use of alum or other precipitating agents, and consequent avoidance of the difiiculties which the acidity of the stock results in, both in the operation of the plant and in the products obtained. e

Other objects and advantages will appear from the more detailed descriptionset forth below, it being understood however that this more detailed description is given by way of illustration only and not by way of limitation, since various changes may be made in this more detailed dis closure by those skilled in the art, without departing from the scope and spirit of this invention.

The present invention is, therefore, more particularly concerned with the production of paper articles carrying sizes utilizing waterproofing substances and particularly the mineral waxes. For this purpose, sizes are prepared containing -a waterproofing agent, such as a mineral Wax,

dispersed in a medium containing an organic dispersing agent, particularly of the proteid type, and also preferably including an organic stabilizer.

The following example of a product made in accordance with this invention is illustrative.

Wax lbs. Glue 5 lbs. Formaldehyde (based on the amount of glue) 7 /2% Water 55 lbs.

These materials may be compounded in any desirable way, but the following is particularly eificacious. The glue is dissolved in the water at about a temperature of 170 F., the solution shaken violently and the formaldehyde added. When the mixture is foaming well, the melted wax is added and stirred until a smooth mixture is produced.

In this composition the formaldehyde unites with the glue and renders the glue insoluble in water. The result of this composition is a preset coating, a coating that is set in the emulsion.

Sizing compositions containing wax and glue alone, for example, an emulsion of wax with 15 to 20 per cent of glue may also be utilized, without formaldehyde, but the use of formaldehyde or related material is highly desirable as the stability of the product is increased. The formaldehyde or other materials of related nature, may therefore be looked upon as stabilizing agents,

and more particularly as organic stabilizing.

agents for the sizing compositions.

The proportions of the ingredients may vary within wide limits. For example, the glue content may be as high as 25 per cent, butit is desirable to keep the glue content of the composition as low as possible, and low proportions are therefore more desirable for example down to and as low as 5 per cent. In the use of the lower percentages of glue, it has been found that more desirable compositions are obtained if the glue solution is foaming violently before the wax is added, and this expedient allows rather low percentages of glue to be utilized. The compositions containing a low percentage of glue are not as stable unless the formaldehyde or related material is utilized.

The sizing compositions resulting from the present invention exhibit many advantages such as low coating cost and low water content. Thev particularly glue.

are, for example, very desirable in the production of cable papers, since they eliminate the necessity for use of mineral salts. Further, the omission of rosin eliminates the cause of deterioration referred to above, since when rosin sizes are utilized it is necessary to use substantial quantities of alum which result in undesirable acidity in the final paper products.

The mineral waxes, such as parafiine or ceresin, are particularly desirable as waterproofing agents in this connection, and such mineral wax or petroleum wax may range through the various grades of parafline wax on the market from hard wax on the one hand to soft wax, such as scale wax or petrolatum, on the other hand. Waxes may be employed which have been softened with a mineral oil, such as any suitable petroleum hydrocarbon oil, preferably and specifically the grade known as parafiine oil. I The latter embraces'various non-volatile hydrocarbon oils of difiering specific gravities. A fixed non-volatile oil is desirably used, since volatile oils or oils containing any substantial proportion of volatile constituents would in general be undesirable when applied to paper due to loss of constituents through evaporation which might proceed to such a point that the paper product lost its water-resistant property. While petroleum wax in its various forms is used in accordance with the preferred embodiment of this invention, other mineral waxes, such as ozocerite, vegetable waxes, such as carnauba, candelilla, japan wax, bayberry tallow, and other similar waxes may be employed, but such waxes are generally preferred only when used as a part of the total wax content of the composition. The mineral wax such as parafline may therefore be used with an admixture of the other waxes referred to, and any combinations of I the stated materials may be utilized. The use of the mineral waxes, particularly when of light color, result in products that are substantially free from any discoloring effect on paper pulp, and may therefore be used in proportions to yield a marked degree of water resistance without throwing the paper off color, or creating a discoloration which might impair the market value of the product, or militate against its use for particular purposes. When such discoloration is however not a disturbing factor, pitches, tars, asphaltic bodies, and the like, may be used with or without the wax or waxes mentioned.

Starches including those which have been modified by heat treatment or chemical action, such-as the thin boiling starches, and also soluble starch or starch which has been partially solubllized in any desired manner, may be included in the sizing compositions.

Among the organic dispersion agents that may be employed in producing sizing agents in accordance with the present invention, there may be specifically mentioned the gelatines and glues and the albumins such as casein. Such organic dispersion agents may be utilized in admixture if desired, but highly desirable products have been obtained with the single organic dispersion agent,

Agar-agar and other thickeners of the glue type can be used in proportions as stated above from about 5 to 20%, the lower proportions preferably being used in those cases where formaldehyde or related stabilizing agents are employed.

Various organic stabilizing agents may be employed in addition to formaldehyde mentioned above including tannic acid, tannin, and in general the glue insolubilizing agents.

The war: dispersion may be incorporated into the paper stock at any desired stage, but preferably is introduced into the paper pulp or stock at some stage prior to sheeting into web form, or

.the sheet or web may be surfaced with the wax dispersion to form a highly resistant surface layer. When the wax dispersion is introduced into the paper pulp or stock, it is desirable to introduce the wax dispersion at the beater, or advantageously at some stage in the travel of the paper pulp subsequent to its departure from the beater and prior to the formation of the pulp into a sheet on the paper machine. For example, the wax dispersion may be introduced into the pulp at the screens, this point of entry offering material advantages. By the incorporation of these dispersions at a time subsequent to the beating operation, a closer control may be obtained over the water resisting properties of the sheet. Carrying out this phase of the incorporation of the wax dispersions, a dispersion containing a predetermined wax content may be delivered to the stream of pulp by any suitable metering device, the dispersion and pulp becoming intimately mixed in the screening operation and seubstantially all or nearly all of the waxy material being retained in the paper web. These dispersions may desirably be used in the production of paper. carrying a coating commonly known in the art as tub sized papers. In this instance, the hydrocarbon dispersions may be applied to a sheet of dried or partially dried paper as it passes from one section of the drier to another. Writing papers may be made in this manner. For example, the sheet passes from one section of the drier through a bath of wax dispersion, then through squeeze rolls, and then over another section of the drier.

It is desirable to include a small amount of phenol or other preservative to prevent decomposition of the'glue.

Having thus set forth my invention, Iv claim:

-1. A paper product sized with a composition containing a wax, an organic dispersion agent, and an organic stabilizing agent.

2. A paper product sized with a composition containing a wax, an organic dispersion agent selected from the group including albumins and glues, and an organic stabilizing agent.

3. A paper product obtained from pulp carrying a composition containing a wax, an organic dispersion agent, and an organic stabilizing agent.

4. A paper product sized with a composition containing a wax, glue, and an organic stabilizer.

5. A paper product sized with a composition containing a wax, glue, and formaldehyde.

6. The method of making paper products which comprises incorporating with pulp a sizing composition containing a wax, an organic dispersion agent, and an organic stabilizing agent.

'7. The method of making paper products which comprises incorporating with pulp a composition containing a wax, an organic dispersion agent selected from the group including albumins and glues, and an organic stabilizing agent.

8. The method of making paper products which comprises incorporating with pulp a composition 9. The method of making paper products which comprises incorporating with pulp a sizing composition containing a wax, glue, and formaldehyde.

10. A paper product sized with a dispersion oaaasa containing a wax, a non-acid organic dispersion agent for the wax, and an organic stabilizing agent for the dispersion agent.

11. A sheeted paper product sized with a composition containing a wax, an organic dispersion agent for the wax, and an organic stabilizing agent for the dispersion agent.

12. A sheeted paper product sized with a preset dispersion containing a wax, a non -acid organic dispersion agent for the wax, and an organic stabilizing agent for the dispersion agent.

13. A paper product sized with a dispersion containing a wax, 5 to 20% of an organic dispersion agent, and an organic stabilizing agent for the dispersion agent, the amount of stabilizing agent being sufficient to insoluhilize the dispersion agent at least in part.

14. A sheeted paper product sized with a dispersion containing a wax, an organic dispersion agent for the wax, and an organic insolubilizing agent for the dispersion agent.

15. A paper product sized with a composition containing wax dispersed in a medium of formaidehyde-insolubilized glue.

16. The method of making paper products which comprises incorporating with pulp a sizing composition containing a wax, an organic dispersion agent for the wax, and an organic stabilizing agent for the dispersion agent, and sheeting the resulting composition.

17. The method of making paper products which comprises incorporating with pulp a sizing compositon containing a wax, glue and formaldehyde, and sheeting the pulp containing composition.

GEORGE J. MANSON. 

